Comparison of Trade Policy Environment for Chinese Enterprises in Major Markets (2025)

Background

As Chinese enterprises accelerate overseas expansion, the trade policy environment in different markets becomes a key factor. This infographic quantifies four dimensions—tariff level, technical barriers to trade (TBT), intellectual property (IP) risks, and compliance costs—across four major markets (scored 1-10, higher scores indicate stronger barriers).

Market Analysis

• United States: High tariff barriers (continuation of Trump-era tariffs), moderate technical barriers (security review-based), high IP risks (frequent Section 337 investigations), high compliance costs (export controls and sanctions lists). Total: 29.
• European Union: Moderate tariffs (anti-dumping duties on some products), high technical barriers (green standards and CBAM), high IP risks (SEP disputes), high compliance costs (GDPR and supply chain due diligence). Total: 30.
• ASEAN: Low tariffs (regional FTAs), low technical barriers (standards convergence), low IP risks (weak enforcement), low compliance costs (business-friendly environment). Total: 14.
• India: High tariffs (protective duties), moderate technical barriers (certification requirements), moderate IP risks (compulsory licensing tendency), high compliance costs (complex tax and labor laws). Total: 29.

Summary

ASEAN has the lowest barriers overall, while the US, EU, and India face higher combined barriers, but with different emphases. Chinese enterprises should tailor compliance strategies to each target market. Data are industry estimates for reference only.